What is an after-action review (AAR)?

An after-action review (AAR) is defined as a structured review process that occurs after a training exercise or operation. Its main purpose is to analyze what happened, why it happened, and how it can be improved for future operations. This reflective process involves all participants discussing the objectives, outcomes, successes, and areas needing improvement, promoting accountability, learning, and continuous development. AARs play a crucial role in fostering a culture of learning within military units by encouraging open communication and thorough analysis of practices.

The focus of an AAR is to provide constructive feedback and insights into the performance of the squad, team, or unit, which is vital for enhancing operational effectiveness. It allows participants to reflect critically on processes and outcomes, ensuring that mistakes are learned from and best practices are identified and shared.

In contrast, the other options all represent different aspects of military operations but do not accurately capture the essence of an AAR. A short team meeting before missions does not involve reflective learning, a performance appraisal for soldiers evaluates individual performance rather than group processes, and a checklist for mission preparation serves as a tool for readiness rather than an analysis post-operation.